RSA
SecurityDefinition
RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) is the most widely used asymmetric cryptographic algorithm. RSA security is based on the computational difficulty of factoring large integers. It is used for TLS key exchange, digital signatures, and SSH keys. Key sizes of 2048-bit+ are recommended.
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JWT
JSON Web Token (JWT) is an open standard (RFC 7519) for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object. JWTs are self-contained tokens composed of three Base64URL-encoded parts: header, payload, and signature. Widely used for authentication and API authorization.
OAuth
OAuth 2.0 is an authorization framework that allows applications to obtain limited access to user accounts on HTTP services. OAuth enables "Login with Google/GitHub" flows where a third-party app is granted access to specific user data without receiving the user's password.
API Key
An API key is a unique identifier string passed in requests to authenticate an application or user accessing an API. API keys are simpler than OAuth but provide less security — they are long-lived, not scoped per-user, and must be kept secret.
SSL/TLS
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and its successor TLS (Transport Layer Security) are cryptographic protocols that provide encrypted communication over the internet. TLS is used in HTTPS, email (SMTP/IMAP), VPNs, and any application requiring secure data transmission. SSL is deprecated; TLS 1.3 is current.